Non-abating vision damage associated with the use of the fluoroquinolones. Fluoroquinolone Toxicity Research Foundation June 2004

VISION PROBLEMS

Severe corneal toxicity after topical fluoroquinolone therapy: report of two cases.

Comparative evaluation of possible ocular photochemical toxicity of fluoroquinolones meant for ocular use in experimental models. Velpandian T, Bankoti R, Humayun S, Ravi AK, Kumari SS, Biswas NR.

Corneal deposits and topical ofloxacin-the effect of polypharmacy in the management of microbial keratitis. Mitra A, Tsesmetzoglou E, McElvanney A.

Corneal deposits and topical ofloxacin

In vitro effects of fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside antibiotics on human keratocytes. Leonardi A, Papa V, Fregona I, Russo P, De Franchis G, Milazzo G. Department of Neuroscience, Ophthalmology Unit, University of Padova, Italy. 

[Corneal precipitation of fluoroquinolones with magnesium] [Article in French] Parent X, Marchal A, Patillon JC. Service de biochimie, Centre hospitalier Pasteur, Colmar. xavier.parent@ch-colmar.rss.fr 

Phototoxic lesions induced by quinolone antibacterial agents in auricular skin and retina of albino mice.

Sparfloxacin corneal deposits

Apoptotic photoreceptor cell death induced by quinolone phototoxicity in mice.

Sparfloxacin concentration in the iris-ciliary body was significantly higher in the pigmented rat's eyes rather than in the albino rat's eyes.

Comparative assessment of ocular tissue distribution of drug-related radioactivity after chronic oral administration of 14C-levofloxacin and 14C-chloroquine in pigmented rats.

Optometrists may encounter patients treated with either chloroquine (CQ) or hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). These drugs are quinolones, and have been known to cause irreversible retinal toxicity.

Corneal Intrastromal Gatifloxacin Crystal Deposits After Penetrating Keratoplasty.

UVA-induced oxidative damage in retinal pigment epithelial cells after H2O2 or sparfloxacin exposure.

Behçet disease is a systemic disorder characterized by recurrent aphthous ulcers and intraocular inflammation

Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine belong to the quinolone family

Chemicals that damage its proteins and membranes or radiation that breaks its DNA molecules, that cell can just stop functioning

OCUFLOX® ophthalmic solution ADVERSE REACTIONS

Evaluation and Management of Monocular Diplopia

Fluoroquinolone Effective In Treating Corneal Ulcer But Should Be Used With Caution

Peripheral sensory disturbances related to treatment with fluoroquinolones

Reversible visual loss in a patient receiving high-dose ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (Cipro)

Enrofloxacin-associated retinal degeneration in cats

Ophthalmotoxicity and ototoxicity of the new quinolone antibacterial agent levofloxacin in Long Evans rats

Factors affecting visual loss in benign intracranial hypertension

Dystrophy, Map-dot-fingerprint excerpt

Bayer Agriculture Division Animal Health
"Dear Doctor" letter, circa 2000, regarding vision loss and veterinarian usage

Pure Cipro found in the human cornea:
Ciprofloxacin microprecipitates and macroprecipitates in the human corneal epithelium. Eiferman RA, Snyder JP, Nordquist RE.

Quotes from various Adverse Reaction Forums regarding vision damage

Quotes from Medications.com Levaquin Adverse Reaction Forum regarding vision damage

Effect of topical fluoroquinolones on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases in the cornea. Reviglio VE, Hakim MA, Song JK, O'Brien TP.

Evaluation of the corneal effects of topical ophthalmic fluoroquinolones using in vivo confocal microscopy.

An in vivo study comparing the ocular absorption of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin prior to phacoemulsification.

Quinolone toxicity: methods of assessment.

Phototoxic retinal degeneration and toxicokinetics of sitafloxacin, a quinolone antibacterial agent, in mice

An in vivo study comparing the ocular absorption of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin prior to phacoemulsification.  Am J Ophthalmol 2004 Feb;137(2):308-12 (ISSN: 0002-9394) Bucci FA  Bucci Laser Vision, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, USA. Buccivision@aol.com.

Eye Contact Lens. 2004 Apr;30(2):90-4. Related Articles, Links  Evaluation of the corneal effects of topical ophthalmic fluoroquinolones using in vivo confocal microscopy. Kovoor TA, Kim AS, McCulley JP, Cavanagh HD, Jester JV, Bugde AC, Petroll WM. University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

Additional articles of interest


Additional Links from PubMed/Medline

1     Pinilla I, Perez-Olivan S, Solans C, Bregante MA, Ramirez MT, Larrosa JM, Pablo LE, Honrubia FM.Histological toxicity of grepafloxacin after intravitreal injection.
 Ophthalmic Res. 2003 Nov-Dec;35(6):335-40.
PMID: 14688424 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

2    Tanaka M, Takashina H, Tsutsumi S.Comparative assessment of ocular tissue distribution of drug-related radioactivity after chronic oral administration of 14C-levofloxacin and 14C-chloroquine in pigmented rats.
 J Pharm Pharmacol. 2004 Aug;56(8):977-83.
PMID: 15285841 [PubMed - in process]

3    Kovoor TA, Kim AS, McCulley JP, Cavanagh HD, Jester JV, Bugde AC, Petroll WM.Evaluation of the corneal effects of topical ophthalmic fluoroquinolones using in vivo confocal microscopy.
 Eye Contact Lens. 2004 Apr;30(2):90-4.
PMID: 15260356 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

4    Gokhale NS.Sparfloxacin corneal deposits.
 Indian J Ophthalmol. 2004 Mar;52(1):79. No abstract available.
PMID: 15132389 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

5    Fukuda M, Inoue A, Sasaki K, Takahashi N.The effect of the corneal epithelium on the intraocular penetration of fluoroquinolone ophthalmic solution.
 Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2004 Mar-Apr;48(2):93-6.
PMID: 15060787 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

6    Ng EW, Joo MJ, Eong KG, Green WR, O'Brien TP.Ocular toxicity of intravitreal trovafloxacin in the pigmented rabbit.
 Curr Eye Res. 2003 Dec;27(6):387-93.
PMID: 14704922 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

7    Reviglio VE, Hakim MA, Song JK, O'Brien TP.Effect of topical fluoroquinolones on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases in the cornea.
 BMC Ophthalmol. 2003 Oct 06;3(1):10.
PMID: 14529574 [PubMed - in process]

8    Boeve MH.[Fluoroquinolone-related blindness in cats]
 Tijdschr Diergeneeskd. 2003 Oct 1;128(19):600. Dutch. No abstract available.
PMID: 14582324 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

9    Maichuk IuF.[Levofloxacin (Tavanic) in the treatment of corneal ulcers]
 Antibiot Khimioter. 2003;48(6):16-9. Russian.
PMID: 14558414 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

10   Wiebe V, Hamilton P.Fluoroquinolone-induced retinal degeneration in cats.
 J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2002 Dec 1;221(11):1568-71. Review.
PMID: 12479325 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

11    Wilson D.Feline visual changes associated with enrofloxacin.
 Can Vet J. 2002 Mar;43(3):163. No abstract available.
PMID: 11901587 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

12    Davidson M.Information on adverse drug reaction in cats.
 J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2001 Dec 15;219(12):1676. No abstract available.
PMID: 11767912 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

13    Shimoda K, Okawara S, Kato M.Phototoxic retinal degeneration and toxicokinetics of sitafloxacin, a quinolone antibacterial agent, in mice.
 Arch Toxicol. 2001 Sep;75(7):395-9.
PMID: 11693179 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

14    Gelatt KN, van der Woerdt A, Ketring KL, Andrew SE, Brooks DE, Biros DJ, Denis HM, Cutler TJ.Enrofloxacin-associated retinal degeneration in cats.
 Vet Ophthalmol. 2001 Jun;4(2):99-106. Erratum in: Vet Ophthalmol 2001 Sep;4(3):231.
PMID: 11422990 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

15   Mallari PL, McCarty DJ, Daniell M, Taylor H.Increased incidence of corneal perforation after topical fluoroquinolone treatment for microbial keratitis.
 Am J Ophthalmol. 2001 Jan;131(1):131-3.
PMID: 11162991 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

16    Lomaestro BM.Fluoroquinolone-induced renal failure.
 Drug Saf. 2000 Jun;22(6):479-85. Review.
PMID: 10877041 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

17    Castillo A, Benitez del Castillo JM, Toledano N, Diaz-Valle D, Sayagues O, Garcia-Sanchez J.Deposits of topical norfloxacin in the treatment of bacterial keratitis.
 Cornea. 1997 Jul;16(4):420-3.
PMID: 9220239 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

18    Watson PM.Idiosyncratic reaction to enrofloxacin in cats.
 Vet Rec. 2002 Apr 27;150(17):556. No abstract available.
PMID: 12019545 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

19    mura M, Nishida T, Mishima H, Otori T.Effects of antimicrobials on corneal epithelial migration.
 Curr Eye Res. 1993 Aug;12(8):733-40.
PMID: 8222734 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

20    Sakai H, Mochizuki K, Torisaki M.[Effects of lomefloxacin on the rabbit retina]
 Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi. 1993 Jul;97(7):812-9. Japanese.
PMID: 8394640 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

21    Portoles M, Igual A, Jauch A, Nos-Barbera S.In vitro toxicity of lomefloxacin in rabbit corneal epithelial cell cultures.
 Lens Eye Toxic Res. 1990;7(3-4):469-80.
PMID: 2100173 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

22    Sirbat D, Saudax E, Hurault de Ligny B, Hachet E, Raspiller A.[Serous macular detachment of the neuro-epithelium and flumequine]
 J Fr Ophtalmol. 1983;6(10):829-36. French.
PMID: 6672059 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

23    Pouzaud F, Rat P, Cambourieu C, Nourry H, Warnet JM.[Tenotoxic potential of fluoroquinolones in the choice of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in ophthalmology]
 J Fr Ophtalmol. 2002 Nov;25(9):921-6. French.
PMID: 12515937 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

24    Healy DP, Holland EJ, Nordlund ML, Dunn S, Chow C, Lindstrom RL, Hardten D, Davis E.Concentrations of levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin in human corneal stromal tissue and aqueous humor after topical administration.
 Cornea. 2004 Apr;23(3):255-63.
PMID: 15084858 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

25   Awwad ST, Wang MX, Cavanagh HD. Related Articles, Links
A case of gatifloxacin crystal deposits in the corneal graft of an 85-year-old man.
Eye Contact Lens. 2006 May;32(3):157. No abstract available.
PMID: 16702872 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]